Role of Myocardial Fibrosis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis of Risk Markers for Sudden Death.

BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with sudden death (SD). Myocardial fibrosis is reportedly correlated with SD. OBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis, updating the risk markers (RMs) in HCM emphasizing myocardial fibrosis. METHODS: We reviewed HCM studies that addressed severe arrhythmic outcomes and the certain RMs: SD family history, severe ventricular hypertrophy, unexplained syncope, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) on 24-hour Holter monitoring, abnormal blood pressure response to exercise (ABPRE), myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) in the MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO databases. We used relative risks (RRs) as an effect measure and random models for the analysis. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies were selected (14,901 patients aged 45 ± 16 years; men, 62.8%). Myocardial fibrosis was the major RISK MARKER (RR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.95-6.03). The other RMs, except for LVOTO, were also predictors: SD family history (RR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.39-2.20), severe ventricular hypertrophy (RR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.26-2.74), unexplained syncope (RR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.69-3.07), NSVT (RR, 2.79; 95% CI, 2.29-3.41), and ABPRE (RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.08). CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the association of myocardial fibrosis and other RMs with severe arrhythmic outcomes in HCM and emphasize the need for new prediction models in managing these patients.

Role of Myocardial Fibrosis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis of Risk Markers for Sudden Death / Papel da Fibrose Miocárdica na Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica: Revisão Sistemática e Metanálise Atualizada de Marcadores de Risco para Morte Súbita

Abstract Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with sudden death (SD). Myocardial fibrosis is reportedly correlated with SD. Objective: We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis, updating the risk markers (RMs) in HCM emphasizing myocardial fibrosis. Methods: We reviewed HCM studies that addressed severe arrhythmic outcomes and the certain RMs: SD family history, severe ventricular hypertrophy, unexplained syncope, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) on 24-hour Holter monitoring, abnormal blood pressure response to exercise (ABPRE), myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) in the MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO databases. We used relative risks (RRs) as an effect measure and random models for the analysis. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Twenty-one studies were selected (14,901 patients aged 45 ± 16 years; men, 62.8%). Myocardial fibrosis was the major RISK MARKER (RR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.95-6.03). The other RMs, except for LVOTO, were also predictors: SD family history (RR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.39-2.20), severe ventricular hypertrophy (RR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.26-2.74), unexplained syncope (RR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.69-3.07), NSVT (RR, 2.79; 95% CI, 2.29-3.41), and ABPRE (RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.08). Conclusions: We confirmed the association of myocardial fibrosis and other RMs with severe arrhythmic outcomes in HCM and emphasize the need for new prediction models in managing these patients.

Resumo Fundamento: A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) está associada à morte súbita (MS). A fibrose miocárdica está supostamente correlacionada à MS. Objetivo: Realizamos uma revisão sistemática com metanálise, atualizando os marcadores de risco (MR) em CMH enfatizando a fibrose miocárdica. Métodos: Revisamos estudos de CMH que abordaram desfechos arrítmicos graves e certos MR: história familiar de MS, hipertrofia ventricular grave, síncope inexplicada, taquicardia ventricular não sustentada (TVNS) na monitorização com Holter de 24 horas, resposta anormal da pressão arterial ao exercício (ABPRE), fibrose miocárdica e obstrução da via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo (VSVE) nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO. Utilizamos os riscos relativos (RRs) como uma medida de efeito e modelos aleatórios para a análise. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em p < 0,05. Resultados: Vinte e um estudos foram selecionados (14.901 pacientes com idade de 45 ± 16 anos; homens, 62,8%). A fibrose miocárdica foi o principal MARCADOR DE RISCO (RR, 3,43; IC95%, 1,95-6,03). Os outros MR, exceto obstrução da VSVE, também foram preditores: história familiar de MS (RR, 1,75; IC95%, 1,39-2,20), hipertrofia ventricular grave (RR, 1,86; IC95%, 1,26-2,74), síncope inexplicada (RR, 2,27; IC95%, 1,69-3,07), TVNS (RR, 2,79; IC95%, 2,29-3,41) e ABPRE (RR, 1,53; IC95%, 1,12-2,08). Conclusões: Confirmamos a associação de fibrose miocárdica e outros MR com desfechos arrítmicos graves na CMH e enfatizamos a necessidade de novos modelos de previsão no manejo desses pacientes.

Effects of dance on the postural balance, cognition and functional autonomy of older adults.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the postural balance, cognition and functional autonomy of older adults with dementia, who are long-stay inpatients, subjected to ballroom dancing. METHOD: simple randomized clinical study. Older adult sample: control group (30) and experimental group (30). The groups were subjected to the protocol of functional autonomy for activities of daily living; to the assessment of cognition (mini-mental state examination); and to the analysis of postural balance (stabilometric and postural platforms). The analysis of variance with repeated measures for group and time factors, and Scheffé's post hoc test were used, with significance of p < 0.05. RESULTS: For the mini-mental state examination, the control group presented a 24.27 mean, and the experimental 22.75. Functional autonomy for activities of daily living - experimental: 54.47 ± 7.24 (p < 0.0001) x control: 61.77 ± 8.47 (p = 0.011). Postural balance - experimental: X = 3.16 ± 3.44 (p = 0.02) x control = X = 6.30 ± 7.62 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Ballroom dancing can be recommended for older adults to provide improvement in their balance and motor performance of the activities of daily living.

Effects of dance on the postural balance, cognition and functional autonomy of older adults / Efectos del baile en el equilibrio postural, en la cognición y en la autonomía funcional de los ancianos / Efeitos da dança no equilíbrio postural, na cognição e na autonomia funcional de idosos

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the postural balance, cognition and functional autonomy of older adults with dementia, who are long-stay inpatients, subjected to ballroom dancing. Method: simple randomized clinical study. Older adult sample: control group (30) and experimental group (30). The groups were subjected to the protocol of functional autonomy for activities of daily living; to the assessment of cognition (mini-mental state examination); and to the analysis of postural balance (stabilometric and postural platforms). The analysis of variance with repeated measures for group and time factors, and Scheffé's post hoc test were used, with significance of p < 0.05. Results: For the mini-mental state examination, the control group presented a 24.27 mean, and the experimental 22.75. Functional autonomy for activities of daily living - experimental: 54.47 ± 7.24 (p < 0.0001) x control: 61.77 ± 8.47 (p = 0.011). Postural balance - experimental: X = 3.16 ± 3.44 (p = 0.02) x control = X = 6.30 ± 7.62 (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Ballroom dancing can be recommended for older adults to provide improvement in their balance and motor performance of the activities of daily living.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el equilibrio postural, la cognición y la autonomía funcional de los ancianos con demencia, institucionalizados de larga permanencia, sometidos al baile de salón. Método: estudio clínico aleatorizado simple. Muestra de ancianos: grupo control (30) y grupo experimental (30). Los grupos fueron sometidos al protocolo de autonomía funcional para actividades de la vida diaria, a la evaluación de la cognición (mini examen del estado mental), y el análisis del equilibrio postural (pedana estabilométrica y posturométrica). Se hizo el análisis de la varianza, con medidas repetidas en los factores grupo y tiempo, y el post hoc de Scheffé, con significancia p < 0,05. Resultados: El grupo control presentó en el mini examen del estado mental promedio de 24,27, y el experimental 22,75. Autonomía funcional para actividades de la vida diaria - experimental: 54,47 ± 7,24 (p<0,0001) × control: 61,77 ± 8,47 (p = 0,011). Equilibrio postural - experimental: X = 3,16 ± 3,44 (p = 0,02) × control = X = 6,30 ± 7,62 (p= 0,04). Conclusión: El baile de salón debe ser indicado para proporcionar una mejora en el equilibrio y el rendimiento motor en las actividades de la vida diaria de los ancianos.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o equilíbrio postural, a cognição e a autonomia funcional de idosos com demência, institucionalizados de longa permanência, submetidos à dança de salão. Método: estudo clínico randomizado simples. Amostra de idosos: grupo controle (30) e grupo experimental (30). Os grupos foram submetidos ao protocolo de autonomia funcional para atividades da vida diária; à avaliação da cognição (miniexame do estado mental); e à análise do equilíbrio postural (pedana estabilométrica e posturométrica). Fez-se a análise de variância, com medidas repetidas nos fatores grupo e tempo, e o post hoc de Scheffé, com significância p < 0,05. Resultados: O grupo controle apresentou no miniexame do estado mental média de 24,27, e o experimental 22,75. Autonomia funcional para atividades da vida diária - experimental: 54,47 ± 7,24 (p < 0,0001) x controle: 61,77 ± 8,47 (p = 0,011). Equilíbrio postural - experimental: X = 3,16 ± 3,44 (p = 0,02) x controle = X = 6,30 ± 7,62 (p = 0,04). Conclusão: A dança de salão deve ser indicada para proporcionar melhora no equilíbrio e no desempenho motor nas atividades da vida diária de idosos.

Morte Súbita na Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica / Sudden Death in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica é uma doença genética do músculo cardíaco, autossômica dominante, caracterizada por hipertrofia ventricular na ausência de qualquer outra condição clínica que leve à sobrecarga do coração. Estima-se prevalência de 1:500, sendo importante causa de morte súbita, especialmente em jovens, com incidência anual em torno de 1%. Entre os marcadores de risco para a ocorrência de arritmias ventriculares malignas e morte súbita neste cenário, enfatizam-se, além de um evento fatal já ocorrido e abortado, história familiar de morte súbita; espessura de parede maior ou igual a 30mm; síncope inexplicada; presença de taquicardia ventricular não sustentada ao Holter; resposta pressórica anormal no teste ergométrico; e presença de realce tardio na ressonância magnética do coração. A presença ou ausência destes marcadores pode definir a necessidade ou não do implante de cardiodesfibrilador implantável como forma de prevenir a morte súbita nestes pacientes. Entretanto, ainda existe muita controvérsia sobre a forma pela qual estes pacientes devam ser estratificados. Sabe-se que estes marcadores não têm o mesmo peso em predizer quem tem mais chance de sofrer um evento fatal. Este fato torna-se particularmente importante quando se constata que o procedimento de implante de cardiodesfibrilador implantável não é isento de complicações, além do impacto econômico, em termos do custo para o sistema de saúde. A proposta deste artigo é a realização de uma revisão sobre os principais aspectos envolvidos na morte súbita destes pacientes, desde a fisiopatologia, a avaliação de risco, a prevenção e as perspectivas futuras.

IFN-λ gene polymorphisms as predictive factors in chronic hepatitis C treatment-naive patients without access to protease inhibitors.

The single nucleotides polymorphisms analyses in the regions near the IL28B gene in patients chronically infected with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) are an important predictive factor for sustained virological response (SVR). The aim was to assess the predictive value of the polymorphisms of the IL28B/IFNL3 gene in patients chronically infected with genotype 1 for the viral clearance obtained after initial treatment including admixed populations. A systematic review was conducted, using a meta-analysis in the PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and SCIELO using MesH and DECS in 42 studies. The parameters were IL28B polymorphisms, rs12979860, rs8099917, and rs12980275, SVR ratio, and OR (odds ratio). OR and confidence Interval of 95% (95%CI), were calculated by fixed or random effects models. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were also performed. Significant differences were noted between carriers groups with the major versus minor allele at rs12979860 CC versus CT/TT-genotype (OR = 4.18; 95%CI = 3.37-5.17), rs8099917 TT versus TG/GG-genotype (OR = 4.07; 95%CI = 2.94-5.63), and rs12980275 AA versus AA/AG-genotype (OR = 5.34; 95%CI = 1.60-17.82). There was selection bias in the rs8099917 analysis (Egger's regression P = 0.049), which reversed after performing a sensitivity analysis (P = 0.510). The incorporation of SNP analyses in IL28B/IFNL3 gene during the diagnosis process in Brazil should be used as a complementary tool to determine the appropriate treatment for HCV genotype 1. Here, we confirm that the rs12979860 CC, rs8099917 TT, and rs12980275 AA genotype-carriers have favorable responses to standard therapy, including two studies with Brazilian population, and this information should be considered.

Menstrual cycle alterations during adolescence: early expression of metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the importance of the menstrual pattern as a marker for clinical and laboratory alterations related to metabolic syndrome (MS) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among Brazilian adolescents. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Endocrine Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of the Adolescent Health Studies Center (NESA) at the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 59 girls (12-19 years old) were classified by their menstrual cycles as regular (n = 23) and irregular (n = 36). INTERVENTION: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Biochemical collections were made of peripheral blood after fasting for 12 hours, and the oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g of anhydrous glucose. RESULTS: PCOS, MS, and the criteria for MS were significantly more frequent (P < .05) in the subgroup with irregular menstruation. Adolescents with irregular cycles presented a significant increase in waist circumference, glycemia 2 hours after oral glucose overload (2 h), fasting and 2-h insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides. In contrast, the glucose/insulin ratio, quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index, and HDL serum levels were significantly lower among patients with irregular menstruation, compared to those with regular cycles. In the logistic regression, we noted that insulin 2 h ≥ 75 µIU/mL (r = 1.90; P = .018), waist circumference > 95 cm (r = 2.21; P = .006) and diagnosis of PCOS (r = 1.93; P = .023) were significantly correlated to irregular cycles. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that close observation of menstrual cycle patterns is an important tool for identifying adolescents at higher risk of developing PCOS and MS.

Postural balance and falls in elderly nursing home residents enrolled in a ballroom dancing program.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a ballroom dancing program on the postural balance of institutionalized elderly residents. The sample consisted of 59 sedentary elderly residents of long-stay institutions who were randomly assigned to a ballroom dancing experimental group (EG, n=30) or a control group (CG, n=29). The ballroom dancing program consisted of three 50-min sessions each week on alternate days over a 12-week period. The dances included the foxtrot, waltz, rumba, swing, samba and bolero. The medical records of the subjects were reviewed to determine the number of falls they experienced in the three months prior to the intervention. Postural static balance was assessed using a Lizard (Med. EU., Italy, 2010) stabilometric and posturometric platform. Only patients in the EG lost a significant amount of weight (Δ=-2.85 kg) when comparing the pre- and post-test postural balance assessments. The intergroup comparison revealed a reduced lower limb weight distribution difference in the EG post-test compared to the CG post-test (p=0.012). In the intragroup comparison, the EG patients experienced significantly fewer falls post-test relative to pre-test (p<0.0001). This improvement was not observed for patients in the CG. In the intergroup analysis, we observed fewer falls in the EG post-test compared to the CG post-test (p<0.0001). Therefore it was conclude that sedentary elderly people living in long-term institutions can improve their balance via a ballroom dancing program. This activity improved balance and reduced the number of falls in this elderly population.

Comparação de dois tratamentos fisioterapêuticos na redução da dor e aumento da autonomia funcional de idosos com gonartrose / Comparison of two physiotherapy treatments in reducing pain and increasing functional autonomy of elderly patients with gonarthrosis

Objetivo: Comparar o tratamento da terapia manual, associada ao ultrassom, com o tratamento da cinesioterapia convencional, associada ao laser de arseneto de galium (AsGa), na redução da dor e no aumento da autonomia funcional em idosos com gonartrose. Métodos: Estudo clínico, de delineamento quase-experimental. A amostra foi dividida aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo experimental 1 (GE1; n=44; idade=68±7,64 anos; índice de massa corporal: 26,77±4,74Kg/m2) - idosos com gonartrose submetidos ao tratamento fisioterapêutico com terapia manual e ultrassom; e grupo experimental 2 (GE2; n=20; idade=70±5,49 anos; índice de massa corporal: 27,11±4,63Kg/m 2 ) - idosos com gonartrose submetidos ao tratamento fisioterápico com cinesioterapia convencional e laserterapia. Foram analisados a autonomia funcional (protocolo do Grupo de Desenvolvimento Latino-Americano para a Maturidade - GDLAM) e o quadro álgico (escala CR10 de Borg). Ambos os GEs participaram de sessões de treinamento com duração de 45 minutos, duas vezes semanais, durante oito semanas consecutivas. O nível de significância foi de p<0,05. Resultados: Observou-se melhora da autonomia funcional pela redução significativa do índice de GDLAM (p<0,001) tanto no GE1 (Δ=16,14) quanto no GE2 (Δ=9,32). Semelhantemente, houve diminuição significativa (p<0,001) do nível de dor tanto no GE1 (Δ=5,09) quanto no GE2 (Δ=7,1). O poder do experimento foi de 98%. Conclusão: Infere-se, assim, que ambos os tratamentos sugeridos neste estudo são eficazes no aumento da autonomia funcional e na redução do quadro álgico de idosos com gonartrose. .

Objective: To compare the treatment of manual therapy associated with ultrasound, and conventional kinesiotherapy associated with gallium arsenide laser (GaAs) in reducing pain and increasing functional autonomy in elderly patients with gonarthrosis. Methods: Clinical trial, with quasi-experimental design. The sample was randomly divided into two groups: experimental group 1 (EG1, n=44, age=68±7.64 years, body mass index: 26.77±4.74kg/m2) - patients with gonarthrosis undergoing physical therapy with manual therapy and ultrasound; and experimental group 2 (EG2, n=20, age 70±5.49 years, body mass index: 27.11±4.63kg/m2) - patients with gonarthrosis undergoing physical therapy and laser therapy with conventional kinesiotherapy. We analyzed functional autonomy (Protocol Development Group for Latin American Maturity - GDLAM) and pain symptoms (Borg CR10 scale). Both EGs participated in 45-minute training sessions, twice a week for eight consecutive weeks. The significance level was p<0.05. Results: It was observed significant improvement in the reduction of the functional autonomy index GDLAM (p<0.001) in both EG1 (Δ=16.14) and in EG2 (Δ=9.32). Similarly, there was significant decrease (p<0.001) in the level of pain in both EG1 (Δ=5.09) and EG2 (Δ=7.1). The power of the experiment was 98%. Conclusions: Both treatments were effective in increasing the functional autonomy and reduction of pain in elderly patients with gonarthrosis. .

Extubation process in bed-ridden elderly intensive care patients receiving inspiratory muscle training: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extubation process in bed-ridden elderly intensive care patients receiving inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and identify predictors of successful weaning. METHODS: Twenty-eight elderly intubated patients in an intensive care unit were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 14) that received conventional physiotherapy plus IMT with a Threshold IMT(®) device or to a control group (n = 14) that received only conventional physiotherapy. The experimental protocol for muscle training consisted of an initial load of 30% maximum inspiratory pressure, which was increased by 10% daily. The training was administered for 5 minutes, twice daily, 7 days a week, with supplemental oxygen from the beginning of weaning until extubation. Successful extubation was defined by the ventilation time measurement with noninvasive positive pressure. A vacuum manometer was used for measurement of maximum inspiratory pressure, and the patients' Tobin index values were measured using a ventilometer. RESULTS: The maximum inspiratory pressure increased significantly (by 7 cm H(2)O, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4-10), and the Tobin index decreased significantly (by 16 breaths/ min/L, 95% CI -26 to 6) in the experimental group compared with the control group. The Chi-squared distribution did not indicate a significant difference in weaning success between the groups (χ(2) = 1.47; P = 0.20). However, a comparison of noninvasive positive pressure time dependence indicated a significantly lower value for the experimental group (P = 0.0001; 95% CI 13.08-18.06). The receiver-operating characteristic curve showed an area beneath the curve of 0.877 ± 0.06 for the Tobin index and 0.845 ± 0.07 for maximum inspiratory pressure. CONCLUSION: The IMT intervention significantly increased maximum inspiratory pressure and significantly reduced the Tobin index; both measures are considered to be good extubation indices. IMT was associated with a reduction in noninvasive positive pressure time in the experimental group.

Effects of a physical activity governmental health programme on the quality of life of elderly people.

BACKGROUND: The population ageing occurring worldwide resulted in multiple researches on sedentary ageing and quality of life. PURPOSE: To verify the effects of a physical activity programme on the quality of life (QOL) of elderly individuals served by a governmental health programme. DESIGN: Descriptive inquiry research. METHODS: Randomly distributing 70 elderly individuals in a control group (n=35; mean±SD 69.80±8.05 years) and an experimental group (n=35; 68.66±5.93 years) plus QOL evaluation via WHOQOL-Old. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significant best results on the post-test by repeated-measures ANOVA on sensorial functioning (Δ%=0.022%, p=0. 0001), social participation (Δ%=0.012%, p=0.013), perceptions of death and dying (Δ%=0.04%, p=0.009), intimacy (Δ%=0.059%, p=0.05), and total score (Δ%=0.001, p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Sensorial functioning, social participation, perceptions of death and dying, and intimacy play an important role in the positive relationship between physical activity and QOL.

Gasometria arterial em dois diferentes métodos de transporte intra-hospitalar no pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca / Arterial blood gas analysis in two different intra-hospital transport methods for postoperative cardiac surgery patients

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as repercussões gasométricas de dois métodos de ventilação (ventilador de transporte e ressuscitador manual autoinflável) durante o transporte intra-hospitalar de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo e randomizado. Foram coletadas gasometrias arteriais ao final da cirurgia e ao final do transporte do paciente. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 23 pacientes: 13 no Grupo ventilador de transporte e 10 no ressuscitador manual autoinflável. As características dos pacientes entre os grupos foram semelhantes, exceto pela maior gravidade no Grupo ventilador de transporte. Observaram-se diferenças significativas nas comparações das variações percentuais dos dados gasométricos: pH (VT: + 4% vs RMA: - 5%, p=0,007), PaCO2 (VT: - 8% vs RMA: + 13%, p=0,006), PaO2 (VT: + 47% vs RMA: - 34%, p=0,01) e SatO2 (VT: + 0,6% vs RMA: - 1,7%, p=0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O uso de ventilador mecânico causa menor repercussão nos gases sanguíneos no transporte intra-hospitalar de pacientes após de cirurgia cardíaca.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects on blood gases by two methods of ventilation (with transport ventilation or self-inflating manual resuscitator) during intra-hospital transport of patients after cardiac surgery. METHODS: Observational, longitudinal, prospective, randomized study. Two samples of arterial blood were collected at the end of the surgery and another at the end of patient transport. RESULTS: We included 23 patients: 13 in the Group with transport ventilation and 10 in the Group with self-inflating manual resuscitator. Baseline characteristics were similar between both groups, except for higher acute severity of illness in the Group with transport ventilation. We observed significant differences in comparisons of percentage variations of gasometric data: pH (transport ventilation + 4% x MR -5%, p=0.007), PaCO2 (-8% x +13%, p=0.006), PaO2 (+47% x -34%, p=0.01) and SatO2 (+0.6% x -1.7%, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The use of mechanical ventilation results in fewer repercussions for blood gas analysis in the intra-hospital transport of cardiac surgery patients.

The effectiveness of the Pilates method: reducing the degree of non-structural scoliosis, and improving flexibility and pain in female college students.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Pilates with regard to the degree of scoliosis, flexibility and pain. METHOD: The study included 31 female students divided into two groups: a control group (CG = 11), which had no therapeutic intervention, and an experimental group (EG = 20), which underwent Pilates-based therapy. We used radiological goniometry measurements to assess the degree of scoliosis, standard goniometry measurements to determine the degree of flexibility and the scale of perceived pain using the Borg CR 10 to quantify the level of pain. RESULTS: The independent t test of the Cobb angle (t = - 2.317, p = 0.028), range of motion of trunk flexion (t = 3.088, p = 0.004) and pain (t = -2.478, p = 0.019) showed significant differences between the groups, with best values in the Pilates group. The dependent t test detected a significant decrease in the Cobb angle (Δ% = 38%, t = 6.115, p = 0.0001), a significant increase in trunk flexion (Δ% = 80%, t = -7.977, p = 0.0001) and a significant reduction in pain (Δ% = 60%, t = 7.102, p = 0.0001) in the EG. No significant difference in Cobb angle (t = 0.430, p = 0.676), trunk flexion, (t = 0.938p = 0.371) or pain (t = 0.896, p = 0.391) was found for the CG. CONCLUSION: The Pilates group was better than control group. The Pilates method showed a reduction in the degree of non-structural scoliosis, increased flexibility and decreased pain.

The effect of ballroom dance on balance and functional autonomy among the isolated elderly.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of a ballroom dancing program on the functional autonomy and physical balance of institutionalized elderly individuals. The study enrolled 75 sedentary elderly subjects from long-term institutions who were randomly divided into a ballroom dance program group (EG; n=39) and a control group (CG; n=36). The protocol of the Latin American Group for Maturity (GDLAM) was used to evaluate functional autonomy. Physical balance was analyzed using a stabilometer and posture meter platforms. The level of significance in statistical tests was set at p<0.05. Regarding the physical balance evaluation, only the members of the EG achieved a significant reduction in weight (Δ=-0.98 kg) following the experiment, both in the intragroup (p=0.002) and in the intergroup analysis (p=0.012). In the evaluation of functional autonomy, only the EG showed a significant reduction in the execution time of all the tests and in the GDLAM index: GI (Δ=-6.99), both in the intragroup (p<0.001) and in the intergroup analysis (p=0.011). Thus, it can be inferred that sedentary elderly individuals who are residents of long-term institutions can improve their functional autonomy and balance with a ballroom dance program.

Aerobic conditioning, blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI) of older participants of the Brazilian Family Health Program (FHP) after 16 weeks of guided physical activity.

Because physical exercise is an efficient means to improve maximum consumption of oxygen (VO(2max)) and reduce body fat, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of 4 months of a guided physical activity program on BMI, BP and estimated VO(2max) of older participants of the FHP. The sample was composed of 70 older participants who were divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG) (26 women and 9 men) and the control group (CG) (20 women and 15 men). The program of physical activity included walking, hydrogymnastics, weight-training exercises and stretching exercises. The intensity of the aerobics exercises was set such that participants would achieve 55-65% of the estimated maximum heart rate, with the corresponding effort to be subjectively rated by the participant as 12-13 points on a 6-20 point scale. After 4 months of guided physical activity, there was a significant 19.26% improvement in the VO(2max) in the EG (p ≤ 0.001), and the diastolic pressure in the EG was significantly lower than that in the CG (p ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, the 16-week program of physical activity significantly improved the cardiorespiratory capacity of older individuals.

Arterial blood gas analysis in two different intra-hospital transport methods for postoperative cardiac surgery patients. / Gasometria arterial em dois diferentes métodos de transporte intra-hospitalar no pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects on blood gases by two methods of ventilation (with transport ventilation or self-inflating manual resuscitator) during intra-hospital transport of patients after cardiac surgery. METHODS: Observational, longitudinal, prospective, randomized study. Two samples of arterial blood were collected at the end of the surgery and another at the end of patient transport. RESULTS: We included 23 patients: 13 in the Group with transport ventilation and 10 in the Group with self-inflating manual resuscitator. Baseline characteristics were similar between both groups, except for higher acute severity of illness in the Group with transport ventilation. We observed significant differences in comparisons of percentage variations of gasometric data: pH (transport ventilation + 4% x MR -5%, p=0.007), PaCO2 (-8% x +13%, p=0.006), PaO2 (+47% x -34%, p=0.01) and SatO2 (+0.6% x -1.7%, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The use of mechanical ventilation results in fewer repercussions for blood gas analysis in the intra-hospital transport of cardiac surgery patients.

Qualidade de vida de idosos da área urbana e rural do município de Concórdia, SC / Quality of life of elderly in urban and rural areas of the municipality of Concórdia, SC

O estudo visou a analisar a qualidade de vida (QV) entre idosos da área urbana e rural, avaliando a influência de dois fatores (zona de residência e existência ou não de patologia). Pesquisa de delineamento epidemiológico transversal, foi realizada com idosos (homens) residentes no perímetro urbano e rural do município de Concórdia, SC. A amostra consistiu de 60 idosos: grupo da área urbana (GU; n=30; idade= 68±8 anos) e rural (GR; n=30; idade: 67±7,88 anos). Os dados de QV foram coletados através do formulário Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Health Survey (SF 36). Os resultados demonstraram que apenas as variáveis saúde (∆= 12,60; p<0,0001) e aspectos sociais (∆= 28,53; p<0,0001) obtiveram diferença significativa (p<0,05) intergrupos, sendo os valores do GR superiores (mais favoráveis) aos do GU. O teste do qui-quadrado revelou diferença significativa (χ²: 4,34; p= 0,037) intergrupos, sendo o GR o grupo que possuiu menor quantitativo de indivíduos com patologia. Desta forma infere-se que, na amostra analisada, o GR obteve melhora na qualidade de vida, em relação à saúde e aos aspectos sociais, quando comparados ao GU.

The study aimed to analyze the quality of life (QOL) among elderly people in urban and rural areas, assessing the influence of two factors (area of residence and presence or absence of pathology). The research design of epidemiological cross-sectional was conducted with elderly people (men) living in the urban and rural municipality of Concordia, SC. The sample consisted of 60 elderly people: group of the urban area (UG, n = 30, age = 68 ± 8 years) and rural (RG, n = 30, age: 67 ± 7.88 years). QOL data were collected through the Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Form Health Survey (SF 36). The results showed that only health (Δ = 12.60, p <0.0001) and social (Δ = 28.53, p <0.0001) variables had significant difference (p <0.05) between groups and the values of RG higher (more favorable) to the UG. The chi-square revealed a significant difference (χ2: 4.34, p = 0.037) between groups, with the RG group that has a smaller quantity of individuals with disease. Thus, it is inferred that in our sample, the RG obtained improvement in quality of life in relation to health and social aspects when compared to the UG.

A Significância da valiação intra-hospitalar da capacidade funcionalna síndrome coronariana aguda / Significance of in-hospital evaluation of functional capacity in acute coronary syndrome

Fundamentos: A avaliação da capacidade funcional (CF) pode ser realizada através do teste de caminhada de 6minutos (TC6), porém habitualmente não é aplicado em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) pré-alta hospitalar. Objetivo: Avaliar a significância da capacidade funcional(CF) através do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6) em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) naunidade coronariana (UCO). Métodos: Estudo experimental, transversal, com 23 pacientes apresentando SCA estável, sendo 14 homens e 9 mulheres, com idade média de 57 anos. Todos foramsubmetidos ao TC6 para avaliação da CF, antes da alta hospitalar (4º ao 6º dia), no corredor da unidade. Mensurou-se a distância percorrida e, antes e após o teste: escala de Borg, frequência respiratória, frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média, assim como saturação de oxigênio. Resultados: A aplicação do TC6 demonstrou, com exceção da variável pressão arterial média (PAM), que todas as demais variáveis apresentaram diferença significativa (p<0,05). Na comparação entre a distância percorrida pela amostra e a preditiva, o teste t pareado revelou uma diferença significativa (p=0,0001), mas quando comparado à preditiva baseada no limite inferior não revelou diferença significativa (p=0,085). Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados apontam para uma redução da capacidade funcional de indivíduos com SCA.

Contração muscular do assoalho pélvico de mulheres com incontinência urinária de esforço submetidas a exercícios e eletroterapia: um estudo randomizado / Floor muscles contraction in women with stress urinary incontinence underwent to exercisesand electric stimulation therapy: a randomized study

O estudo avaliou o efeito dos exercícios perineais (EP) associados ou não à eletroterapia em mulheres com incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE) quanto à contração dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (MAP). Estudo longitudinal, do tipo experimental. Amostra composta por 71 mulheres com diagnóstico clínico de IUE divididas em três grupos: eletroterapia associada a exercícios (GEE, n=24), exercícios exclusivamente (GE, n=25) e controle (GC, n=22). Nos grupos experimentais foram realizadas 12 sessões com duração de 20 minutos cada e frequência de 2 vezes por semana. Mensurou-se a contração dos MAP por meio da avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico (AFA) e perineômetro (PERI) pré e pós-intervenção. Os resultados apontam melhora da contração dos MAP para os grupos GEE e GE em relação ao GC conforme as médias de AFA (fibras I e II) e PERI (fibras I): AFA F I (∆%=11,99; p<0,001) e AFA F II (∆%=11,60; p<0,001) para o GEE; e para o GE AFA F I (∆%=4,75; p=0,021), AFA F II (∆%=2,93; p=0,002), PERI F I (∆%=29,94; p=0,012). Os exercícios foram eficazes na melhora da contração dos MAP em mulheres com IUE, sem diferença entre o grupo de eletroterapia mais exercícios em relação ao grupo de exercícios.

The study sought to determine the effect of perineal exercises (EP) associated with electric stimulation in women with effort-related urinary incontinence (SUI) in relation to the pelvic floor muscles contraction (PMEs). The methodology utilized was longitudinal of the experimental type. The sample was made of 71 women diagnosed with SUI and divided into three groups: electrical stimulation associated with exercise alone (GEE, n=24), exercises exclusively (GE, n=25) and control (GC, n=22). In the experimental groups were held 12 sessions, lasting 20 minutes each, with a frequency of 2 times a week. The contraction of the PFMs was measured through the functional assessment of the pelvic floor (FPA) and perineometer (PERI) pre and post intervention. The results showed improvement in PFM contraction for both GEE and GE groups if compared to the GC the average of AFA (fibers I and II) and PERI (fibers I): AFA FI (∆%=11.99; p<0.001) e AFA F II (∆%=11.60; p<0.001) for GEE; and for GE, AFA F I (∆%=4.75; p=0.021), AFA F II (∆%=2.93; p=0.002) and PERI FI (∆%=29.94; p=0.012). The proposed intervention in this study proved effective in both groups regarding the PMF contraction in women with UI. However, no differences were presented between the electrical stimulation and exercises group and the exercise group.

Efeito da ginástica funcional sobre a pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca e duplo produto em mulheres / Acute effects of functional gymnastic training on blood pressure, heart beat rate and heart beat-pressure product in females

Objetivo do estudo foi verificar efeitos do treinamento funcional sobre a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), freqüência cardíaca (FC) e duplo produto (DP) de 24 mulheres inexperientes (25 ± 5 anos; 53 ± 6 kg; 164 ± 5 cm; IMC = 23,09 ± 2,64; 22,99 ± 3,38% de Gordura). Realizou-se uma aula de treinamento funcional e uma seqüência controle. As variáveis foram observadas antes, logo após, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 minutos após o treinamento. A ANOVA observou diminuições significativas na PAS, a partir do vigésimo minuto ( % = 8,00%, p = 0,001) e na PAD, iniciando no décimo minuto ( % = 5,80%, p = 0,0002) em relação ao repouso. No momento logo após, a PAD obteve redução no trigésimo ( % = 5,85%, p = 0,0004) e qüinquagésimo minuto ( % = 4,14%, p = 0,006). Ocorreu um aumento na FC logo após a sessão (∆% = 40,02%, p = 0,0001) e reduções a partir de 40 minutos após (∆% = 7,95%, p = 0,01). O DP reduziu a partir de 20 minutos após o exercício (∆% = 13,5%, p = 0,0002). O treinamento funcional reduziu significantemente a PAS, PAD, FC e DP após um treinamento em mulheres jovens.

The effects of functional training sessions on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, heart beat rate (HR) and heart beat-pressure product (HPP) in 24 untrained women (25 ± 5 years; 53 ± 6 kg; 164 ± 5 cm; 23.09 ± 2.64 kg m-2; 22.99 ± 3.38% body fat) were investigated. The subjects participated on a functional training class following by a control follow-up. Variables were registered prior to training exercise, and 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes after training. Whereas ANOVA reported a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in SBP as from the twentieth minute ( % = 8.00%, p = 0.001), decrease in DBP started at the tenth minute ( % = 5.80%, p = 0.0002). Significant decreases were observed at the thirtieth ( % = 5.85%, p = 0.0004) and fiftieth ( % = 4.14%, p = 0.006) minute. HR increase was reported immediately after the test ( % = 40.02%, p = 0.00) and presented significant decreases as from the fourth minute ( % = 7.95%, p = 0.01). Decreases in HPP rates were observed at twenty minutes after the exercise ( % = 13.5%, p = 0.0002). Data analysis show that functional training sessions triggered significant reductions on SBP, DBP, HR and HPP in young females.